In this fascinating and well written book, Mark Boonshoft explores how, over the course of the long revolutionary era, education went from being a birthright of the elite few to a privilege of citizenship in the new republic. The author uncovers the importance of the new state-chartered but privately run academies that sprang up in the wake of the Revolution. He chronicles how the contexts of a new republic led to public critiques of these exclusive academies at a time when education came to be understood as necessary to the survival of a republic. The author argues that it was partly the reaction against these elitist institutions in the early national period that led to the creation of the more democratized form of education that emerged in the nineteenth century as the origins of the American public school system. Yet, the author also shows how the necessity of more inclusive access to education had embedded in it its own forms of exclusion, particularly regarding race. This is a timely and important book that offers deep and necessary historical context to our current debates about charter schools, public education, racial and class-based inequities in the classroom, and the civic importance of education.